Aqua therapy involves techniques that emphasize proper rehabilitation methods for individuals with disabilities or injuries. The activities and exercises take place in a pool or large bath and should only be performed by trained and certified specialists.
Aqua Therapy Format
Aqua therapy sessions typically begin with 10 to 15 minutes of exercise and gradually increase by five-minute intervals. Exercise sessions practice deep breathing techniques to increase vital capacity in the water, according to the National Center on Physical Activity and Disability. Activities that promote proper balance, strength, posture and flexibility are all performed using slow and controlled movements. Individuals begin by performing fewer repetitions of a particular muscle group when beginning aqua therapy. Medications are always kept nearby in case of emergencies during water exercises. Ideal water temperature should be between 90 and 94 degrees Fahrenheit to promote circulation, according to Spine-health.com's website.
Types and Techniques
Ai chi, massage, water pilates and water yoga are a few of the various techniques performed during aquatic therapy, according to the NCPAD. Originating in Japan, ai chi practices slow movements of the arms and legs while breathing deeply in shoulder-depth-level water. Water pilates uses the traditional pilates conditioning exercises that promote muscle strength and flexibility, alignment and range of motion. Water massage techniques incorporate soft-tissue massage applications in warm water designed to promote blood flow and treat muscular aches and pain. Similar to ai chi and pilates, water yoga develops strength and flexibility while performing controlled breathing techniques.
Indications for Therapy
Aquatic therapy is used to provide rehabilitative treatments for individuals suffering from various conditions. Advanced Care Physical Therapy reports that joint-related problems such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and dislocations are commonly treated with aqua therapy. Other conditions include many cardiovascular, neurological and circulatory disorders such as congestive heart failure, stroke, lymphedema, traumatic brain injury and multiple sclerosis. Recreational and professional athletes also undergo water therapy to rehabilitate common rotator cuff and tennis injuries. Individuals suffering from whiplash injuries caused by automobile accidents receive aqua therapy as well.
Benefits
Aqua therapy provides individuals with various physical and physiological benefits. It supports well-being, reduces stress on joints and promotes muscle mobility, strength and function, according to Post-Polio Health International. Aqua therapy improves cardiovascular and respiration function. Activities in the water support proper posture and decrease pain normally associated with other exercises. Physiological benefits such as reduced stress and increased relaxation have been reported as well.
Warnings
Aqua therapy exercises should only be performed by qualified and trained professionals. Andrew J. Cole, M.D., and Bruce E. Becker, M.D., report that individuals suffering from severe heart failure, fever or infection should avoid aqua therapy. Disabled patients that have limited range of motion should use caution when moving around the pool. Rubber mats should be used to support traction and reduce risk of injury.
