Pet allergies arise from human reactions to proteins in pet dander and excretions. Every warm-blooded animal sheds skin cells, or dander. These tiny particles circulate in the air, causing allergy symptoms in some people who inhale them. Additionally, contact with the saliva or urine of dogs, cats and other animals can cause allergic reactions. This may occur when an animal licks humans or when humans pet the fur of an animal that has licked itself. Treatments include preventing and easing physical symptoms.
Drug Therapy
Over-the-counter and prescription hay fever antihistamines, decongestants or corticosteroids can be used as daily maintenance or when allergy symptoms flare. While long-term regimens of antihistamine and nasal corticosteroids are considered safe, decongestants should only be used for a few days. Guidance from doctors varies, according to a Northwestern University report on pet allergies. Some doctors instruct allergy patients to preserve their health by moving their pets to other homes. Other doctors believe that the benefits of pet ownership supersede minor allergy problems and prescribe medications for their patients.
Nasal Rinses
Minor allergy symptoms in pet owners or isolated allergic reactions to contact with a friend's pet can be quickly alleviated with a nasal rinse. An inexpensive or homemade saline solution--¼ teaspoon of salt plus 2 cups of warm water--eases respiratory symptoms brought on by pet dander. The solution is administered using a bulb syringe. Patients can purchase sprays or kits from a pharmacy.
Itch Treatments
Pet allergies make the human body release histamines, which can cause itching in the eyes, nose and throat. Pet saliva may raise an itchy, red rash where it contacts human skin. An oral antihistamine medication will calm these allergy symptoms. Patients can use applications of hydrocortisone cream or calamine lotion to soothe skin rashes.
Allergy Shots
People with strong pet allergies who wish to keep animals inside the home can undergo immunotherapy, injections that desensitize the immune system to certain animal proteins. According to the Mayo Clinic, this stringent treatment should be tried only when other remedies for allergic reactions to pets fail. A series of shots may be spread over weeks, months or years in order to build up a tolerance for pet dander.
Preventive Techniques
For allergy patients with pets in the home, doctors recommend maintenance techniques that decrease environmental levels of pet dander. The Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America suggests using allergen filters on ventilation systems and vacuum cleaners, and keeping pets out of the bedroom. Removing carpets and having someone without allergies clean the animal's area are also advised.
