Belching, also called burping, can be socially embarrassing. Belching creates a characteristic sound as gas is released from the stomach through the mouth. Belching during or after eating is normal, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. Frequent belching may indicate that too much air is being swallowed, or the presence of a disorder such as gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, peptic ulcer disease, gastroparesis or gastritis.
Swallowing Air
Frequent belching can be caused by swallowing too much air, the American College of Gastroenterology explains. Eating rapidly, gulping beverages, chewing gum, wearing loose-fitting dentures, drinking through a straw, chewing gum and sucking on hard candy can all cause the swallowing of air. Belching can occur voluntarily, and frequent belching may be a habit practiced to relieve indigestion. Rarely, frequent belching is caused by Meganblase syndrome. Sufferers swallow large amounts of air while eating. A large air bubble forms in the stomach, resulting in fullness and bloating that can be confused with symptoms of a heart attack.
GERD
Heartburn and "acid indigestion" are common complaints of people suffering from gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, according to the Harvard Medical School Family Health Guide. GERD is caused by laxity of the valve at the junction of the stomach and esophagus. This laxity allows significant amounts of food and stomach acids to flow back into the esophagus, causing burning pain, bloating and frequent belching. It can also cause stomach pain similar to an ulcer. Certain foods, medicines and other substances can aggravate GERD, including coffee, cola, alcohol, tomato sauce, anti-inflammatories, smoking and tight clothing. Obesity and pregnancy often cause GERD.
H. Pylori Infection
H. pylori, or Helicobacter pylori, is a bacteria that infects the stomach and small intestine and is the major cause of stomach and duodenal ulcers. The infection is spread by direct contact with saliva or feces, or by untreated water. Symptoms of H. pylori infection include frequent belching, bloating, nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain and weight loss, according to the Mayo Clinic. H. pylori infection can cause ulcers, gastritis and stomach cancer. It is diagnosed by a blood, breath or stool test. Treatment with antibiotics kills the H. pylori infection, and acid-reducing medications promote healing and relieve symptoms.
