Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a psychiatric disorder characterized by poor attention span, hyperactivity and impulsivity. The most common treatment for ADHD is prescribed stimulants, such as Adderall. Adderall is a combination of amphetamine and dextroamphetamine. There are many similar stimulants on the market, but they can have different side effects, efficacy or durations depending on the patient.
Methylphenidate
Methylphenidate is sold under the brand name Ritalin, Ritalin LA, Concerta, Metadate CD, Methylin, and Daytrana. Ritalin lasts 3-4 hours, Concerta lasts 10 or more hours, while Metadate CD and Ritalin LA last 8 hours. Daytrana is a patch, which offers an alternative treatment for patients who require different dosages on different days, or for those that cannot tolerate pills. Focalin is a chemical variation of methylphenidate that lasts 4-5 hours at half the dosage of Ritalin.
Dextroamphetamine
Dextroamphetamine is sold under the brand name Dexedrine and Dexedrine Spansules. Dexedrine lasts 4 hours and Dexedrine Spansules lasts 10 hours. Both drugs have been largely replaced by Adderall, which is a mix of dextroamphetamine and amphetamine.
Adderall
Adderall is a combination of dextroamphetamine and amphetamine. It is usually taken by ADHD patients 2-3 times a day, spaced out between 4-6 hours for when the drug wears off. There is also an extended release version of Adderall, Adderall XR, which only needs to be taken once a day. Some patients with ADHD cannot tolerate Adderall's side effects or do not have their symptoms completely controlled by Adderall, leading their doctor to prescribe methylphenidate or dextroamphetamine alone.
References
- "Taking Charge of ADHD: the Complete, Authoritative Guide for Parents," Russell A. Barkley; 2000
- "Is It You, Me, Or Adult A.D.D.?: Stopping the Roller Coaster When Someone You Love Has Attention Deficit Disorder," Gina Pera; 2008
- "ADHD - living without brakes," Martin L. Kutscher; 2008
- Pubmed Medline
