Dry, flaking skin on the scalp is commonly called dandruff. The condition can be itchy and leads to flakes accumulating in hair and falling onto clothing. Mild dandruff usually can be resolved by washing hair daily with a gentle shampoo, but chronic cases are typically associated with a skin disorder. Using a medicated shampoo containing zinc pyrithione and eating foods rich in zinc can help, according to the Mayo Clinic.
Identification
Some people develop dandruff because they have an excessively dry or oily scalp. More severe chronic cases are often a result of seborrheic dermatitis, a skin disorder associated with a fungal infection. Seborrheic dermatitis is a common inflammatory condition that causes flaky scales to develop on the scalp and sometimes other oily areas on the body, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. This condition may be characterized by long periods of no symptoms and intermittent flare-ups.
Seborrheic Dermatitis
Seborrheic dermatitis is likely the result of an overproduction of skin oil combined with infection by a type of yeast called malassezia, according to the UMMC. Some people are more susceptible than others. The condition seems to run in families, and people with certain health disorders, such as obesity, acne, Parkinson's disease and HIV, are more likely to have it. Oily skin, shampooing infrequently and using skin care products containing alcohol are risk factors. Stress, fatigue and weather extremes also can trigger seborrheic dermatitis.
Zinc Pyrithione
Several dandruff shampoos contain zinc pyrithione, which kills malassezia. Zinc pyrithione also slows overproduction of skin cells, an effect that prevents flaking and scaling of the scalp. The Mayo Clinic recommends daily use of a shampoo with zinc pyrithione or another anti-dandruff ingredient until your skin condition resolves, then using it two or three times a week. Leave the shampoo on for at least five minutes so the active ingredient has time to work.
Dandruff Shampoos
Some shampoos containing zinc pyrithione include Denorex, Selsun Salon and the regular version of Head and Shoulders. Other substances effective at treating dandruff include coal tar, ketoconazole, salicylic acid and selenium sulfide. Experiment to find the active ingredient that works best for you. Additionally, alternating between two types of dandruff shampoos is sometimes more effective, according to the Mayo Clinic. Prescription-strength products are available if over-the-counter shampoos do not control the problem.
Dietary Zinc
Eating a healthy diet that includes sufficient zinc also may help prevent dandruff, according to the Mayo Clinic. Red meat and poultry are common sources of zinc, says the Ohio State University Extension, but other foods also supply significant amounts of zinc if eaten often or in large amounts. Include dairy products, whole grains, nuts and beans in your diet, along with breakfast cereals fortified with zinc.
