Millions of Americans experience seasonal allergy symptoms that don't respond well to over-the-counter drugs. Allergic reactions to plants, animals, fungi, chemicals and other substances create skin, eye and respiratory symptoms that can be severe in sensitive individuals.
Pharmaceutical remedies address nearly any degree of symptoms or combination of underlying conditions, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Doctors can prescribe allergy medicines for short-term, seasonal use or relief from multiple allergies.
Antihistamine Medications
Allergy patients take antihistamines for relief from the itching caused by contact allergic reactions and for eye and nasal symptoms from allergic rhinitis. Antihistamine eye drop formulas such as azelastine and emadastine reduce swelling and itching in both the eyes and nose, the University of Maryland Medical Center reports.
Physicians may order prescription formulas of nonsedating daily allergy medicines for patients with seasonal or year-round conditions. The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (AAAAI) lists oral tablets such as desloratadine or nasal sprays such as olopatadine as appropriate for ages 6 and up. Liquid medications such as fexofenadine may be chosen for children ages 2 and up.
Decongestant Sprays
Some antihistamine allergy medicines, including acrivastine, contain decongestant compounds. Separate decongestants should not be taken with these or for long-term sinus congestion, according to the Mayo Clinic. Patients should discuss congestion allergy symptoms with their doctors and pharmacists for appropriate guidance.
Corticosteroids
Nasal corticosteroid sprays may be more effective than oral antihistamines for treating some types of allergic reactions, or for multiple sensitivities. Prescription formulas include flunisolide and fluticasone, which are approved for children and adults. Oral inhalants such as beclomethasone help patients whose allergic reactions contribute to their asthma problems. Both conditions can be managed with similar daily allergy medicines.
This form of steroid administration does not hold the same risk for side effects that oral corticosteroids such as prednisone do, the Mayo Clinic relates. Prednisone tablets may be ordered, however, for severe symptoms of contact dermatitis.
Alternative Drug Therapies
When patients can't take antihistamines or corticosteroids, doctors may prescribe medications with different types of active ingredients. The AAAAI notes that leukotreine modifiers such as montelukast and immunomodulators such as omalizumab may be indicated for asthma control.
Immunotherapy Shots
Some patients can be set free from daily medication regimens by undergoing a series of shots that reduce their allergy symptoms. The Mayo Clinic reports that immunotherapy shots contain specific allergens that help to desensitize patients' immune systems to pet dander, dust mites and seasonal plant allergens.
