HIV is a virus that can be transmitted via contaminated body fluids. In the early stages of infection, the symptoms are similar to that of other viral illnesses as the virus rapidly replicates in the body. Identifying the virus during these early stages is important because infected patients are extremely contagious during the early stages of a HIV infection.
Constitutional
Many of the early symptoms of an infection with HIV affect the entire body, AIDS InfoNet explains. These include a general feeling of malaise and fatigue as well as a mild fever. These symptoms typically occur between two to four weeks after the initial infection with the virus and resemble a cold or a flu. Patients may also experience a mild headache or night sweats. The muscles throughout the body may also become stiff or sore.
Lymphatic
Acute HIV infection is associated with swelling of the lymph nodes, the Mayo Clinic notes. The lymph nodes are small clusters of immune cells that are present in many different areas of the body, including the neck, under the jaw, the armpits and the groin. Lymph nodes will often swell in response to an infection because the body will make more immune cells to help combat the pathogen. In the case of HIV, the virus requires immune cells to spread, so the virus intentionally activates the immune system, resulting in significant enlargement of lymph nodes.
Skin and Tissue Lining
A rash is another common early symptom of HIV infection, states Medline Plus. In addition, patients may develop ulcerations in the mouth and in the lining of the esophagus. This may also result in a sore throat.
Digestive
Early in the course of infection, HIV may cause gastrointestinal problems. These can include diarrhea with watery stools, as well as nausea and vomiting. Patients may also lose their appetite and experience mild weight loss.
