Allergy medication is used to reduce, treat and prevent common allergic reactions, according to the Mayo Clinic. The most common allergy medications used to treat allergic reactions are antihistamines (first and second generation), corticosteroids and decongestants, according to the Mayo Clinic. Each type of drug used to treat allergies has side effects that should be considered before taking it. A person should consult with an allergist before attempting to self-treat. Over-the-counter medications should not be taken without a doctor's knowledge.
First Generation Antihistamines
According to familydoctor.org, antihistamines are classified into two different categories: first and second generation drugs. First generation antihistamines are older drugs that restrict the body from releasing histamine into the bloodstream. First generation antihistamines cross into the brain, producing sleepiness. A person taking first generation antihistamines should not operate a vehicle or heavy machinery. First generation antihistamines can also cause a person's mouth to become dry and produce abdominal pain. An individual should talk to her doctor if she experiences any side effects.
Second Generation Antihistamines
While second generation antihistamines do not typically cause drowsiness, they do have possible side effects such as headaches, diarrhea, eye redness, nervousness and nosebleeds, according to drugs.com. More uncommon side effects of second generation antihistamines are lightheadedness, convulsions, an uneven heart rate or becoming jaundice. Familydocotor.org states that most healthy adults do experience any side effects from second generation antihistamines.
Corticosteroids
According to the Cleveland Clinic, corticosteroids are used primarily to treat nasal allergies. The common side effects of using corticosteroids are: mood swings, eye bruising, weight gain, blurred vision, bruising, swollen face, muscle weakness, acne, high blood pressure, stomach irritation, nervousness, osteoporosis, water retention, insomnia and cataracts, according to the Cleveland Clinic. Side effects of using corticosteroids can be reduced by using the drug only when necessary, monitoring blood pressure and keeping the use of the medication localized.
Decongestants
Decongestants are used to reduce swelling in the sinus cavity caused by an allergic reaction. Decongestants are available over-the-counter and are commonly combined with an antihistamine for allergy treatment. The common side effects of using decongestant are nervousness, dizziness, sleepiness and high blood pressure, according to familydoctor.org. Familydoctor.org warns that people who suffer from high blood pressure, heart and thyroid conditions, glaucoma, prostate issues or diabetes should not use decongestants, as the use of the drug can lead to complications.
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