Percocet is a prescription medication made up two drugs: oxycodone and acetaminophen. It is used for treating moderate to severe pain. Oxycodone is an opioid analgesic and acetaminophen is a non-opioid analgesic. Oxycodone acts by binding to opiate receptors in the brain, causing inhibition of pain pathways. This leads to altered perception and response to pain. Acetaminophen blocks chemicals called prostaglandins which blocks pain impulses in the brain. Percocet may produce side effects in many patients.
Constipation
Constipation is a common side effect that occurs in about 26 percent of patients on Percocet. "Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach" explains that opioid analgesics, such as oxycodone, cause a reduction in the motility of the stomach and the intestines and produce this undesired adverse effect. Medications such as stool softeners may help the patient relieve constipation. If constipation continues for three days or more, the patient should seek medical advice.
Dizziness and Drowsiness
Percocet may cause dizziness in about 16 percent of users. Drowsiness is another side effect which may appear in up to 24 percent of individuals. The physician should explain the dangers of driving or operating heavy machinery while experiencing these side effects. The side effects should decrease over time and then the patient may resume normal daily activities.
Nausea and Vomiting
Nausea and vomiting may occur with the use of Percocet. Nausea may be seen in about 27 percent of patients and vomiting may be seen in about 14 percent of patients, reports the "Drug Information Handbook." The patient should be instructed to avoid high fat meals and take the medication with a full glass of water. The patient may also choose to take the medication with food to avoid these side effects.
Respiratory Depression
Respiratory depression, which is a low breathing rate, may appear in patients using Percocet. Oxycodone leads to a decreased respiratory rate that may be life-threatening. If the patient experiences shortening of breath or chest pain, he should receive emergency medical care.
Changes in Behavior and Mood
Percocet may cause changes in the patient's behavior and mood. The patient may experience an inability to concentration and confusion. According to the "Drug Information Handbook," abnormal dreams and insomnia, or difficulty sleeping, may occur in about 5 percent of individuals. Euphoria, which is an enhanced sense of well-being, may also occur in about 5 percent of patients. Anxiety, nervousness, twitching and abnormal thoughts may be seen in 1 to 5 percent of individuals. These side effects may require a dose reduction so that the drug may be better-tolerated. If they worsen, the patient should seek medical attention right away.
References
- "Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach"; Joseph T. Dipiro, Robert L. Talbert, et al.; 2008
- "Drug Information Handbook"; Charles F. Lacy, Lora L. Armstrong, et al.; 2009
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