Blood pressure is a significant indicator of cardiovascular health. Consistently high blood pressure causes atherosclerosis and strains the heart, leading to an increased risk of heart attack or stroke. People with an elevated risk of heart-related problems must have blood pressure measurements checked regularly .
Step 1
Find the systolic and diastolic pressure readings. Blood pressure machine instructions explain these measurements if they are not readily apparent. Systolic pressure is the higher of the two readings, but both measurements are important in monitoring blood pressure.
Step 2
Note normal pressure ranges. Ideally, systolic blood pressure (the higher number) is less than 120 mm of mercury (a common unit of measurement for blood pressure) and diastolic pressure is under 80 mm of mercury.
Step 3
Know the ranges of abnormal readings. Systolic pressure between 120 and 140 (or diastolic between 80 and 90) is considered pre-hypertension. Systolic pressure between 140 and 160 (diastolic between 90 and 100) is mildly high blood pressure. Higher readings, such as systolic over 160 and diastolic over 100, indicate severe hypertension.
Step 4
Take several measurements over time. Blood pressure readings can fluctuate significantly from one reading to the next, so one set of measurements does not provide an accurate assessment. It is important to take readings at different intervals throughout the day and keep a record. Readings must be taken upon awakening and before food or caffeine is consumed, as well as at bedtime. Additional measurements must be recorded after physical activity. Note whether the reading is taken at home, a doctor's office, or another setting such as a pharmacy and if by machine or manually using a stethoscope. Blood pressure machine measurements vary from those taken by a trained professional.
Step 5
Be aware of the causes. High blood pressure is linked to cardiovascular, kidney and neurological problems, and can also be caused by anxiety. The condition known as "white-coat hypertension" refers to elevated blood pressure due to a patient's anxiety about going to or being examined by a doctor. High blood pressure is also caused by medications, age, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism and pregnancy.
