Review of Essential Oils

Essential oils are scented liquids extracted from certain plants. While some are extracted from flowers and leaves, others come from the seeds, stalks and bark. These concentrated oils contain actual elements of the plant that are referred to as the plant's "essence." Because particles of a specific plant are contained in the essence, each type of oil has distinctive chemical properties and characteristics.

History

People have exploited the natural benefits of plant fragrances for thousands of years. Medicinal properties of plants were explored as early as 4500 BC in China, according to Catherine Stuart in "The Illustrated Guide to Massage and Aromatherapy." However, hieroglyphs and paintings credit the Egyptian culture with perhaps the most creative application. The antiseptic and antibacterial properties of essential oils made them a valuable part of the mummification process.

Extraction

Essential oils are extracted from plants in different ways, including distillation in which a high-pressure steam is pushed through the plant leaves or flowers, releasing the oils. When the steam cools and condenses, the oil is separated from the water. Another method, called pressing, involves the oils being mechanically pressed or squeezed from the plant. Oils may also be obtained by soaking flowers in hot oil or crushing them between glass trays smeared with an odorless fat. No matter which method is used, many plants are needed for this process. For example, 220 lbs. of lavender flowers yield only one pound of essential oil.

Uses

Essential oils provide the fragrance for many air fresheners, floral waters, beauty products and candles. They also can enhance the aroma of a bath, shower or even a damp compress. According to the National Cancer Institute, essential oils also have antibacterial effects when applied to the skin. Some essential oils have demonstrated antiviral and antifungal properties.

Aromatherapy

Aromatherapy is the use of essential oils to benefit well-being. In recent decades it's become a popular form of complementary alternative medicine. While essential oils are not recommended to treat disease, studies indicate they do benefit overall health through the reduction of stress and anxiety. Aromatherapy is administered in a number of ways, like bath salts, room sprays and inhalation. Massage therapists often add a few drops of essential oils to the carrier oils they use during a massage.

Warnings

Keep in mind that essential oils and aromatherapy are not a substitute for medical counsel and treatment. Additionally, although small amounts of essential oils have been approved for foods by the Food and Drug Administration, the consumption of essential oils is generally not advised. While side effects to essential oils are not common, they can occur. Skin irritation can result from contact to undiluted essential oils. Individuals may suffer allergic reactions as well.