The digestive system consists of connected organs that help the body break down and absorb nutrients from food. Digestive problems may affect the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and/or anus. Digestive symptoms are common and can occur anytime throughout a person's life. However, nearly 40 percent of older adults report at least one digestive disorder symptom per year, according to Johns Hopkins Medicine. Medical guidance is crucial in managing digestive problems.
Types
Numerous types of digestive disorders may develop as you age. According to Johns Hopkins Medicine, aging increases risk for digestive disorders that affect the mouth and esophagus, the stomach, the small intestine or the large intestine. Aging may also increase risk for damage to organs within the digestive system, such as the liver, and for gallstones. Digestive symptoms not necessarily linked with digestive disorders include constipation, indigestion gas, and diarrhea. Digestive problems may also stem from emotional conditions, such as depression.
Effects
Digestive symptoms and disorders range in severity, and may have varying effects. Disorders that affect the mouth and esophagus may make eating and swallowing difficult in older adults, which can cause frustration and reduce the willingness to eat. Weakened esophagus muscles may trigger heartburn--pain or burning in the chest, or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Digestive disorders in the stomach can delay stomach emptying and lead to uncomfortable fullness and increased risk for ulcers, which are sores in the stomach lining.
Disorders that affect the small intestine can trigger malabsorption of nutrients and bacterial growth, which may cause diarrhea and weight loss. Disorders of the large intestine (colon) can trigger diverticulosis--inflamed, bulging pouches in the intestinal wall. Older adults are also more prone to polyps--non-cancerous masses, and colon cancer, according to John Hopkins Medicine. Digestive irregularities, such as constipation, may stem from reduced food intake or poor diet.
Treatment
Treatment for digestive symptoms and conditions vary depending upon the type, severity and specific needs and medical history. In some cases, lifestyle changes, such as improved dietary lifestyle and regular physical activity, are required. Psychological counseling may help people with digestive symptoms related to depression. According to the Merck Manual of Medical Information, doctors may prescribe over-the-counter remedies such as stool softeners and laxatives for constipation, and antacids for indigestion or acid reflux. Surgical procedures may be required for more serious conditions, such as bowel obstruction or colon cancer.
Misconceptions
Though risk for digestive problems increases with old age, they aren't necessarily inevitable. According to the American Dietetic Association, or ADA, a person's dietary needs change during later adulthood. When addressed properly, you can prevent digestive problems. In some cases, digestive symptoms are mistaken for physical disease symptoms, when the causes are actually emotional. Depression can cause unexplained weight loss, reduced appetite and digestive irregularities. Depression is not a normal part of the aging process, according to the National Institute of Mental Health. Treating the underlying condition of digestive symptoms is crucial in management and recovery.
Prevention/Solution
Dietary and lifestyle alterations may have a significant, positive influence on your digestive and overall health. The ADA suggests that older adults consume diets rich in calcium and vitamin D, vitamin B-12, dietary fiber and potassium for optimum wellness. A diet rich in fruits, vegetables and whole grains is low in unhealthy fats and can provide broad nutritional benefits. Drinking plenty of water, exercising regularly and managing stress can also promote digestive wellness. Because digestive symptoms may indicate numerous conditions, a doctor's guidance is vital.
References
- Johns Hopkins Medicine: Aging and the Digestive System
- National Institute of Mental Health: Depression Facts and Treatment
- American Dietetic Association: Special Nutrient Needs for Older Adults
- Merck Manual of Medical Information: 2nd Home Edition; May 2004
