Migraine headaches cause severe and often incapacitating pain. Classic migraine headaches only affect one side of the head and are also preceded by a series of visual disturbances known as auras. Classical migraines also cause nausea, vomiting and sensitivity to light and sound. Patients who have migraine headaches that do not have all of the features of a classic migraine headache are classified as having atypical migraines, the Patient Education Institute explains. Both conditions are treated similarly, however.
Nonspecific Pain Relievers
Nonspecific pain relievers include acetaminophen and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin and ibuprofen. These medications, which can be purchased over-the-counter, can either be used on their own or in combination with other treatments for atypical migraines, the American Headache Society notes. These medications are commonly used because of their availability, low cost, and minimal side effects.
Triptans
Triptans, notes the Mayo Clinic, are particularly useful for patients who have severe migraines. These medications, which include sumatriptan and zolmitriptan are particularly effective at relieving the pain, nausea, and light/sound sensitivity that migraines can cause. These drugs should not be used, however, in patients with an elevated risk of having a stroke or a heart attack.
Ergotamine
Ergotamine is a medication that is cheaper than triptans but also provides less pain relief. Ergotamine can cause nausea, and other side effects, and is often taken in conjunction with anti-nausea medications. Dihydroergotamine, which is chemically similar to ergotamine, may produce less intense side effects, notes the Mayo Clinic.
Opiates
Opiates, such as codeine, can be used by patients who are unable to achieve adequate migraine relief taking NSAIDs, triptans or ergotamine. Because these drugs can lead to physical dependence, however, they should be used sparingly.
Antidepressants
Antidepressants can be used as a preventative measure to reduce the frequency with which migraines occur. Certain antidepressants, known as tricyclics, are particularly effective in this regard. These medications, which include amitriptyline and protriptyline, can alter the brain's chemistry and help to prevent atypical migraines.
Cardiovascular Medications
Some drugs that are normally prescribed for the treatment of high blood pressure and heart problems can also be used to reduce the frequency and severity of atypical migraines. The high blood pressure medications lisinopril, candesartan and verapamil can be prescribed for the treatment of migraines. The mechanism by which these drugs work to relieve atypical migraine symptoms, however, isn't fully understood.
Anti-Seizure Medications
The medications gabapentin, topiramate and valproic acid, which are normally given for the treatment of epilepsy, can also reduce the frequency of atypical migraines. These medications should be administered in low doses because high doses can cause diarrhea, nausea, dizziness, hair loss and cramps.
