Multiple sclerosis is described as an autoimmune disease because the immune system mistakenly attacks normal tissues in the body, primarily the brain and spinal cord, states the Cleveland Clinic. Over time, the attacked tissues develop scar matter, called sclerosis. This process results in the brain being unable to send and receive messages the way it normally would. In early MS cases, the symptoms can be minor, and sometimes go unrecognized until the damage worsens.
Unusual Sensations
Despite the brain being unable to send and receive messages as it normally would, an individual's body will still attempt to communicate by way of the central nervous system. The CNS consists of the nerve pathways, brain, spinal cord and other supporting components. Cleveland Clinic points out that tingling or numbness are common sensations in the arms and legs. This occurs when the nerve pathways are attacked by the immune system and also when the body sends messages to the muscles. This symptom can be described as a "pins and needles" type sensation according to MedlinePlus. Pain in various tissues is also common, but is more likely to be described as an electric shock-type feeling that occurs when the head is moved.
Sensory Interference
The brain maintains balance, and when multiple sclerosis impacts the brain, balance can be impaired. An individual may struggle to walk straight or smoothly. MayoClinic.com elaborates that the muscle tissues may spasm or waver, resulting in an unsteady gait or trouble moving the limbs. Vision disturbances are also common sensory symptoms of the disorder. This includes blurring and double vision.
Mental Changes
Slowed message communication to and from the brain results in mild mental changes like trouble thinking clearly or having perception problems. MedlinePlus points out that individuals can struggle to have complete thoughts and maintain memory recall. When the brain functions slowly, the result is minor lapses in memory, especially recall. The thoughts can come to the individual, but they arrive slower than usual, such as having difficulty trying to think of a word or recall a phone number.
As multiple sclerosis persists, the mental changes can worsen. It is common for the patient to report a feeling of brain fog. Waking can be difficult and a patient can feel tired frequently. Part of the fatigue is the body's inability to function appropriately due to the miscommunication, or lack of communication, with the brain.
Body Tissue Weakness
The repeated attacks on the tissues of the body results in weakness. Effects of the fatigue can cause sexual disturbances, such as an inability to become aroused.
