Respiratory alkalosis is a condition in which carbon dioxide is expelled from the body faster than produced due to excessive respiration. This causes an increase in blood pH, making it more alkaline and exciting the nervous system. If extreme, respiratory arrest may result.
Causes
Respiratory alkalosis has numerous causes, including high altitude, asthma, pneumonia, and lung disease. Drugs such as salicylates, catecholamines, nicotine, and progesterone can also affect the respiratory system. Central nervous system disorders such as meningitis, encephalitis and head trauma may also result in respiratory alkalosis. According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, the most common causes are anxiety, fever and hyperventilation.
Symptoms
Typical symptoms include dizziness, light-headedness and numbness of the hands and feet. Normal blood pH is between 7.35 and 7.45, and, although rare, if the blood pH rises above 7.8, involuntary muscle contraction, extreme nervousness, convulsions, seizures and even death can occur, according to the text, "Anatomy & Physiology."
Diagnosis
According to Medline Plus, various tests and exams can be performed to diagnose respiratory alkalosis. An arterial blood gases test, a measure of oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood, requires a blood sample, usually taken from an artery. Chest x-rays and pulmonary function tests may also be performed to identify if any underlying issues such as lung disease or lung damage are present.
Treatment
Treatment requires addressing the underlying condition or cause.
Management
If experiencing excessive respiration, a re-breathing mask or a paper bag may reduce symptoms by re-breathing captured and expired carbon dioxide. However, if prolonged, medical attention may be required.
References
- "Anatomy & Physiology"; Elaine N. Marieb; 2005
- University of California, San Francisco: Respiratory Alkalosis
- University of Maryland Medical Center: Respiratory Alkalosis -- Overview
- Medline Plus: Respiratory Alkalosis
