According to a 1996 report by the American Psychological Association, about 3.3 million children are exposed to domestic violence in their homes every year. Children who witness domestic violence display similar emotional problems as children who have been physically abused--they are unable to create nurturing bonds with their parents and are at a greater risk for abuse and neglect. Without psychological intervention, these children are subject to serious emotional trauma.
Anxiety
When children witness domestic violence, they have more anxiety than children who are in non-violent environments. The anxiety can be directed toward fear that they will be the target of the violence, or that they will be abandoned by their parents. Anxiety can develop into a panic disorder, or the anxiety can be triggered when exposed to a domestic violence-related stimulus. Over time, untreated anxiety can impair a child's life and his ability to function.
Self-Esteem
Many children exposed to domestic violence have low self-esteem. The abusers in the household may emotionally abuse their children or make their children feel like the violence is their fault. Even if the violence is not directed at the children, they may feel guilty and blame themselves. In addition, the children may feel grief or shame over the violence occurring. Unless the children are assured that the violence is not their fault, they continue to internalize their self-esteem issues.
Depression
Depression is common among children growing up in households with domestic violence. As part of the self-esteem issues, children may internalize their emotional distraught, which can manifest as depression. Depression can lead to thoughts of self-harm and deepen other emotional issues if it is not addressed.
Anger
Other children may respond through anger and temperament problems. They may become more aggressive and act out more frequently. Anger becomes their response to matters that do not warrant it, and the children may begin to lash out against themselves.
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