Minoxidil is a drug that can be used to slow hair loss and promote the growth of new hair. Although it was first used in men with male pattern baldness, it is now also used in women experiencing hair loss. However, only between 20 percent and 25 percent of women who use minoxidil will see new hair growth as a result of the drug, according to Medline Plus. Most women, though, will notice that their hair loss slows or ceases.
How It Works
The mechanism by which minoxidil works to stop hair loss and promote hair growth is not fully understood. Research suggests that it may activate a particular prostaglandin that regulates hair growth. Earlier, it was thought that it stimulated blood flow to the hair follicles, which encouraged hair growth, but that has since been disproven. Minoxidil can also be taken orally, but not to promote hair growth. Instead, it is a vasodilator used to treat high blood pressure, according to Medline Plus.
How To Use It
Minoxidil is applied directly to the scalp, usually twice daily. It should be applied to a clean, dry scalp with one of the provided applicators, according to Drugs.com. It should never be applied to an open wound or sunburned or irritated skin. Avoid getting the medicine in your eyes. It takes between four months and a year before new hair growth can be noticed, but many women will not notice any new hair growth even after a year.
Side Effects
When used as directed, minoxidil is generally considered safe, but you may experience some side effects. Known side effects include dryness, itching, flaking, scaling or irritation of the scalp, according to Medline Plus. More serious side effects are rare and include weight gain, chest pain, rapid heart rate, lightheadedness, difficulty breathing and swelling in the stomach, face, hands and ankles. If you notice any of these effects, stop using minoxidil and contact your doctor immediately.
Precautions
Because it is used topically, minoxidil is safe for most people. However, before using it, tell your doctor if you have ever had liver, kidney, heart or scalp disease, because it may not be safe for these individuals, according to Medline Plus. It also is not safe for women who are pregnant or breastfeeding. Additionally, while using minoxidil it may be necessary to avoid prolonged sun exposure or take precautions to stay out of the sun.
Other Treatment Options
If minoxidil is not successful in preventing hair loss or encouraging new hair growth, you can try other treatments. Another drug, called spironolactone, may also be useful. Spironolactone is taken orally and can be useful in treating women whose hair loss is because they have high levels of male hormones, according to Medline Plus. However, it also is not safe for women who are pregnant or have kidney disease. You can also consider hair plugs, which can be a permanent solution. You can also purchase a hairpiece or wig to hide your hair loss.
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