Gallbladder cancer is a relatively uncommon condition that occurs when a malignant tumor forms on the gallbladder--the organ located just beneath the liver. The early symptoms of gallbladder cancer are not always obvious, or they may resemble the symptoms of other illnesses. According to MedlinePlus, these factors make early diagnosis difficult and later-stage gallbladder cancer is more difficult to treat. Individuals experiencing unusual symptoms should consult a medical professional as soon as possible.
Gallbladder Enlargement
Tumors that form on the gallbladder can sometimes block the passage of bile--a substance produced by the liver that aids in digestion--to the small intestine. As a result, bile can back up in the gallbladder, causing it to enlarge, according to the American Cancer Society. Depending upon the extent of swelling, the doctor may be able to feel the swollen gallbladder during a physical exam. Alternatively, the doctor may use ultrasound imaging to get detailed images of the gallbladder.
Abdominal Pain and Nausea
Tumors growing on the gallbladder can put pressure on surrounding organs, causing pain that is particularly noticeable in the upper region of the right side of the abdomen, just above the stomach. According to the Cancer Treatment Centers of America, when tumors interfere with the flow of bile out of the gallbladder, they can cause digestive problems and severe nausea. Abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting are all commonly reported symptoms among those first diagnosed with gallbladder cancer, according to the American Cancer Society.
Jaundice
The Cancer Treatment Centers of America report that some patients with gallbladder cancer may show signs of jaundice--a yellow discoloration of the skin and whites of the eyes often caused by liver damage or a blockage in one of the ducts through which the gallbladder sends bile to the small intestine. According to research published in the March 2004 issue of "Annals of Surgical Oncology," jaundice is common among patients presenting to their doctors with gallbladder cancer, with symptoms present in approximately one-third of those diagnosed. Further, the researchers found that jaundice is a sign of advanced-stage cancer that has often spread to the porta hepatis--the opening through which hepatic portal vein and artery transport blood into and out of the liver. Compared with patients who did not have jaundice, those with jaundice had less successful surgical outcomes and were significantly less likely to survive beyond two years. This data underscore the importance of early diagnosis.
Less Common Physical Symptoms
Though less common than abdominal discomfort and jaundice, symptoms such as loss of appetite, unintentional weight loss and bloating may occur. According to the American Cancer Society, some people may also develop pruritus--extremely itchy skin--or black, tarry stool.
References
- American Cancer Society: How is Gallbladder Cancer Diagnosed?
- MedlinePlus: Gallbladder Cancer
- "Annals of Surgical Oncology"; Jaundice predicts advanced disease and early mortality in patients with gallbladder cancer; Hawkins WG et al.; March 2004.
- Cancer Treatment Centers of America: Gallbladder Cancer
