The black widow is one of the few dangerous spiders in the United States. Even though black widow spider bites can cause health problems, they are rarely lethal. Individual reactions to bites vary greatly but effective treatment rarely requires hospitalization or medication. While emergency care is usually not necessary, staff at the University of Maryland Medical Center advise to always seek medical attention after a black widow bite. Prompt cleansing of the wound and treating the symptoms goes far in preventing infection and further complications.
Cleanse the Wound
After being bitten by a black widow, the first step in effective treatment is to thoroughly clean the wound, and the skin around the wound, with soap and water. Deep cleansing helps prevent infection. To further prevent infection, the University of Maryland Medical Center urges the application of antibiotic lotion or cream to the wound.
Slow the Venom's Spread
If the black widow bite is on an arm or a leg, applying a snug bandage above the wound, followed by elevation of the limb, can help slow or halt the venom's spread. The Mayo Clinic warns not to have the bandage so tight that it cuts off circulation in the arm or leg.
Apply Cold Cloth or Ice Pack
At the spider bite location, apply a cloth dampened with cold water. An ice pack is an alternative, but use a layer of cloth between the ice and skin prior to application.
Seek Medical Attention for Further Care
Use the above steps for preliminary treatment, but no matter how slight the symptoms appear, seek medical attention. Depending on the severity of the bite, medical treatment can include muscle relaxants, more powerful pain relievers and other medication, and supportive care. Although usually not required, antivenin and hospitalization can occur in the case of severe symptoms. To alleviate acute pain take acetaminophen.
Caution and Infection
People bitten by a black widow often needlessly call the poison control center thinking that specialized treatment is needed for their wound. California Poison Control System advises that no special therapy exists other than treating the symptoms. Most importantly, cleaning the bite area soon after discovery prevents infection. If infection does occur, or if the wound does not show signs of healing, then contact your doctor. If the wound is getting worse, do not wait days or weeks to seek medical attention.
