Cancers involving the colon and rectum, commonly referred to as colorectal cancer, occur in over 140,000 individuals in the United States each year and is the third leading cause of cancer deaths, according to 2010 information from the American Cancer Society. Preventing some forms of colorectal cancer is possible with screening options. Catching the colorectal cancer in early stages helps increase the possibility of effective treatment. Risk factors for developing colorectal cancer include polyps in the colon, genetics, a high-fat diet, a sedentary lifestyle and a history of inflammatory bowel diseases. Symptoms of the condition vary depending on the size, location and severity of the cancer.
Changes in Bowel Movements
A common symptom that occurs with colorectal cancers includes any change in normal bowel movements. Changes include constipation, diarrhea or a change in the shape of the stool, such as a narrowing of the stool, according to the American Cancer Society. The change in stool consistency occurs due to an obstruction in the colon from a tumor. Individuals may alternate between periods of constipation and diarrhea due to the obstruction as liquid stool passes through the narrowed space. Some individuals may feel a constant need to defecate, or feel as though the bowel does not completely empty during a bowel movement. Bowel changes that last longer than two weeks need a medical evaluation to determine the cause of the condition.
Bleeding
Bloody stool can occur during a bowel movement. The bleeding may appear as red streaks through the stool, or the rectum may bleed without a bowel movement. Other times the bleeding may appear as dark, tarry stool. Some individuals may only have occult bleeding, which means it is only visible with a microscope.
Pain and Discomfort
Bowel movements may become painful with colorectal cancer, according to the Merck Manuals. Abdominal discomfort may occur with the cancer. Bloating, cramping and gas pains in the abdomen are possible. Feelings of fullness in the abdomen can also occur.
Fatigue and Weight Loss
Weakness and fatigue can occur with colorectal cancer. The weakness may occur due to a loss of blood volume. Other symptoms related to blood loss include shortness of breath, chest pain and anemia. Unintentional weight loss may accompany other symptoms of colorectal cancer, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center.
