MayoClinic.com defines rectal cancer as cancer affecting the last several inches of the colon, while colon cancer is cancer of the large intestine. Most of the time, they are referred to collectively as colorectal cancer, as they occur simultaneously. In many cases, this disease begins as small clumps of noncancerous cells known as polyps. Because these cells do not produce any symptoms, over time they can become cancerous and lead to colon, rectal or colorectal cancer.
Step 1
Go for regular screenings. The American Cancer Society explains that regular screenings are the most powerful defense against rectal cancer, especially if you do not have any symptoms of the disease. Once abnormal cells begin to grow in the polyps, it takes approximately 10 to 15 years for them to develop into cancer. This gives you more than enough time to to undergo screening, which allows a doctor to discover the noncancerous polyps and remove them. MayoClinic.com adds that screening for rectal cancer should begin at the age of 50; should you be at greater risk, screenings should begin at age 45.
Step 2
Meet with a genetic counselor. Genetic counseling helps you determine if your family history requires you to undergo screening and treatment before the age of 50. The American Cancer Society warns that genetic testing is not perfect, and the results may not provide reliable answers. Meeting with a counselor helps you answer these questions. During the test, the counselor reviews your family medical history, and if at least 3 relatives have rectal cancer--a parent, child or sibling--you may be at higher risk. In addition, if at least one relative had this disease prior to the age of 50 or more than two generations are involved, the counselor may decide this test is right for you.
Step 3
Change your diet. Some risk factors are within your control such as your diet. MayoClinic.com recommends eating a variety of fruits, vegetables and whole grains. The American Cancer Society adds that doctors link a diet high in fruits and vegetables with a lower risk of rectal cancer, while a diet high in red meat and processed foods increases your risk. The society recommends eating five or more servings a day of fruits and vegetables and opting for whole grains over refined grains such as white bread and rice.
Step 4
Take over-the-counter medications. Medications such as aspirin and non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs that include ibuprofen and naproxen may help reduce your risk of of developing both rectal cancer and cancerous polyps, according to the American Cancer Society. MayoClinic.com adds that to receive this benefit, you need to take large doses of aspirin over a long period of time, and side effects include ulcers and gastrointestinal bleeding. The same side effects are possible with ibuprofen and naproxen, along with possible heart problems in the long term. This preventative measure is for those at high risk for rectal cancer.
