Serotonin, also known as 5-hydroxytryptamine, or 5-HT, is a hormone found in the brain, digestive tract, pineal gland and blood platelets. Serotonin is necessary for your nerves and brain to function properly. It has been shown to have an effect on mood, appetite, and more recently, bone growth.
Serotonin and Depression
The relationship between serotonin and depression has been thoroughly studied. One of the most common types of depression drugs on the market today is what is known as a select serotonin reuptake inhibitor, or SSRI. SSRIs block cells from reuptaking serotonin, which leaves more available for the brain. Increased levels of serotonin in the brain improves neurotransmission and results in better moods.
Serotonin and Appetite
According to a study led by UT Southwestern Medical Center, serotonin may control the appetite when interacting with weight loss medication like Fen-Phen. The study focused on several drugs that affect serotonin levels in the brain. They found that some neurons and melanocortin-4 receptors were activated by serotonin when interacting with the drugs, effectively curbing the appetite while also blocking other neurons that increase appetite.
Serotonin and Bone Formation
Recent findings have shown that serotonin in the gut is responsible for bone formation. This is way out of the spectrum of what scientists previously viewed as serotonin's role. According to Gerard Karsenty, M.D., Ph.D., of the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, serotonin produced in the first part of the low intestine was positively linked to osteoblasts, which result in new bone formation. The consequences could be very beneficial to helping with osteoporosis.
