Opium derives from opium poppies and when processed, is transformed into heroin and prescription medications. Pure opium is not commonly found on the drug market in the United States. Opium has a very long history for pain relief, use in ritual and as a recreational drug. Smoking opium is highly addictive, with a compelling set of physical and physiological effects that draws users despite serious associated risks.
Sedation and Relaxation
Smoking opium creates a powerful and fast-acting high, putting more of the drug into the bloodstream than other modes of use. Physiological effects begin within seconds of inhaling the smoke. The most prominent effects of smoking opium are sedation and relaxation. Respiration slows, potentially to the point of unconsciousness or even death. This risk increases dramatically when opium is combined with other depressants, including alcohol. Opium also deadens pain, and nausea and constipation may occur, according to Drugfree.org.
Psychological Effects
Smoking opium induces a strong sense of euphoria and well-being. It may also cause sleepiness and confusion. In addition to the high, many opium users do so for its potential to decrease anxiety and deaden unwanted emotions. Opium use activates the brain's reward/pleasure center, making the user feel pleasure and satiation. Some opium users describe feeling "blissed-out" and sensual as well.
Tolerance and Addiction
All opiates carry a serious risk of addiction, including opium. Long-term use increases tolerance, so that higher dosages are needed to achieve the same effects. According to "Uppers, Downers, All Arounders" by Darryl Inaba and William Cohen, tolerance may develop so quickly that in just 10 days of use, a person may need 10 times as much opium to achieve the desired effects. Addiction may develop with withdrawal symptoms if use is discontinued.
References
- Drugfree.org: Opium
- "Uppers, Downers, All-Arounders"; Darryl Inaba and William Cohen; 2000
- Narcanon: Drug Rehab and Addiction Treatment Centers: Opium
