Chloasma, also known as melasma, is a darkening of the skin that occurs mainly in women, especially women who are pregnant or taking artificial female hormones. While not a major medical problem, melasma can be a significant cosmetic problem and many who develop it consult a dermatologist for treatment. Even without treatment, the disorder tends to resolve itself over time once the conditions causing it have been removed.
Description
Chloasma and melasma are two names for the same disorder. In a person with melasma, brown patches develop on the skin, particularly the skin of the face, neck and forearms. In some women who develop it during pregnancy it is also called the mask of pregnancy because it tends to develop in the shape of a mask on the cheeks, upper lip, nose and forehead during the second or third trimester. According to Medline Plus, the dark patches of melasma typically develop symmetrically, matching on both sides of the face.
Causes and Risk Factors
While the specific cause of chloasma is unknown, there may be a hereditary component, according to the American Academy of Dermatology. The hormones estrogen and progesterone are thought to be involved as well. Most sufferers of melasma, about 90 percent, are women, according to the American Academy of Dermatology. Chloasma is more common in women with dark skin. Women who take birth control pills or hormone replacement therapy and those who are pregnant are also at higher risk. Sun exposure is another factor that may lead to the development of melasma.
Treatment
Treatment isn't necessary since melasma merely affects the appearance and is not a serious medical disorder. However, some sufferers may choose to try skin lightening creams to lessen the appearance of the dark areas. Some skin lightening products are available over-the-counter and stronger versions are available with a prescription. A dermatologist may also treat chloasma using laser surgery, microdermabrasion or a chemical peel. Any treatment for cholasma should be administered under the guidance of a dermatologist since the particular skin conditions and degree of melasma may influence the effectiveness of the treatment.
Prognosis
In most cases, melasma goes away on its own after the individual stops taking birth control or hormone therapy, or in the case of pregnancy, after the baby is born. Treatment generally reduces the appearance of chloasma in patients who do not experience a gradual return to normal on their own. Recurrences are common when the conditions of the first occurrence are repeated, such as during a second pregnancy in a woman who had chloasma during her first pregnancy.
Prevention
The primary means of preventing melasma is to avoid exposure to sunlight. The use of sunscreen can help keep skin protected and is especially important in people who have been treated for chloasma and wish to avoid a recurrence. The American Academy of Dermatology also recommends that people who are recovering from melasma avoid any products that might irritate the face, since this can cause a recurrence.
