RSD, or reflex sympathetic dystrophy, also goes by the name complex regional pain syndrome or CRPS. It is a poorly understood neurological condition that causes chronic, severe and persistent pain. The pain may or may not be accompanied by swelling, skin discoloration and skin temperature changes. Early diagnosis of this condition may make a difference in the outcome, and the first step is to determine the cause of RSD, if possible.
Abnormal Nerve Signals
When an injury occurs due to a blow, fall, accident or surgery, nearby nerves send signals to the brain that are interpreted as pain. In the case of RSD, for reasons not well understood, the nerve signals continue to fire even after the injury has healed, claims the Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy Syndrome Association. The nerves may also overfire, meaning that the pain that is felt is not proportionate to the injury that was sustained. For example, a minor injury such as a sprain may create disabling pain. In addition, the pain may be exacerbated by even light pressure against the skin, such as from an article of clothing or a bed sheet. In about 90 percent of all cases, there is no damage to the nerve, while in the other 10 percent, the nerves are physically damaged.
Overactive Immune System
When there is an injury to the body, along with sending pain signals, the immune system kicks in to help the area heal. This includes making the area swell to help protect it. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, states that RSD and CRPS may occur because of an overreaction by the immune system. This can cause excessive swelling, warmth and redness in the affected area. This condition tends to affect just one side of the body, but usually involves the entire limb, such as the whole arm or leg.
Illness
In some cases RSD is triggered by a heart attack, stroke or an infection. The exact reasons why some individuals develop RSD and CRPS and others do not, is not well understood. According to the Mayo Clinic, while this condition has no definitive cause or cure, starting treatment when symptoms first appear can help to control it before it becomes severe. Some patients who start treatment early on, go into remission.
