Metformin is a prescription medication that is a first choice for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, according to Drugs.com. It is in the biguanide family and works by decreasing the absorption of glucose from the intestines, reducing the production of glucose by the liver and increasing the transport of glucose into the cells. Sulfonylureas are also medications for type 2 diabetes that are commonly sold under the brand names Glucotrol, Diabeta, Glynase and others. These drugs work by stimulating the beta cells of the pancreas to produce more insulin. The hormone insulin is needed for the body to be able to transport glucose into the muscles and tissues of the body. Metformin and sulfonylurea drugs may be prescribed together. However, like all medications, they may cause adverse side effects in some individuals.
Hypoglycemia
Some sulfonylurea drugs such as Diabinese can remain in the blood for long periods of time and in some cases this can lead to a severe and long-lasting type of hypoglycemia or low blood sugar. Metformin can also cause hypoglycemia particularly if too much medication is taken or a meal is skipped, according to Drugs.com. Symptoms of hypoglycemia vary between individuals and include dizziness, shakiness, weakness, confusion, blurred vision, slurred speech, anxiety, cold sweats, pale skin, drowsiness, fast heart-rate, headache pain, nausea, and excess hunger. In extreme cases, hypoglycemia can lead to fainting and loss of consciousness.
Common Side Effects
Drugs.com advises that some side effects of diabetes medications are common and do not require medical attention. These sides effects usually subside without treatment and in some cases they can be prevented. More common side effects of sulfonylureas include dizziness, fast heartbeat, itching, hives, puffiness, skin rash, wheezing, chest tightness and unusual tiredness and weakness. Common adverse effects of metformin include vomiting, gasiness, stomachache, heartburn, loss of appetite, weight loss and a metallic taste in the mouth.
Rare Side Effects
Sulfonylurea drugs and metformin can cause rare effects in some individuals that require immediate medical attention. Individuals that experience any of these symptoms should see a doctor as quickly as possible. According to the MayoClinic.com, rare, adverse effects of metformin include shallow breathing, muscle pain and cramping, weakness, diarrhea, excessive sleepiness, and severe tiredness. Sulfonylurea medications can also cause rare effects such as upper right abdominal pain, dark-colored urine, chills, rash, an unpleasant breath odor, vomiting blood, and yellow eyes and skin, according to DiabetesNet.com.
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