Gum, or periodontal, disease is a major infection of gum tissue that surrounds the teeth which, if not treated early, can result in not only destroyed oral connective tissue, but also bone structure destruction. Indeed, Dr. Dan Peterson estimates that three out of four adults older than 35 years have periodontal disease. According to the Mayo Clinic, periodontal or gum disease is serious because it can affect overall health and is associated with major chronic diseases that include: cardiovascular disease, diabetes, osteoporosis and AIDS.
Gingivitis
The most common type of periodontal or gum disease is gingivitis, an inflammation of the gingival (gum) tissue caused by bacterial plaque (film that covers teeth). Gingivitis produces red, tender, and swollen gums that bleed with halitosis (bad breath). Moreover, it's been estimated that over 90 percent of the adult population has degrees of gingivitis. Gingivitis can progress to major periodontal disease resulting in tissue, teeth, and bone loss; therefore, it is critical that gingivitis be recognized and treated so that further disease progression does not occur.
Gingivitis usually results from poor dental hygiene such as poor brushing and flossing habits, which can easily be corrected. This disease can be reversed with proper brushing and flossing; thus, gingivitis is a form of gum disease where healthy teeth and gums still are possible.
Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis
Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG), also known as "trench mouth" and Vincent's stomatitis, is an advanced type of gingivitis with crater-like ulcers that can include painful profuse bleeding, a grayish film covering the gums, and halitosis (bad breath). This gum disease got its name from World War I soldiers (in trenches) who were not able to take care of their teeth properly. According to the Merck Medical Library, ANUG usually occurs suddenly with the primary symptom of intense pain. It is common in smokers and individuals younger than the age of 35; however, the frequency of this diagnosis tends to be rare. Proper dental treatment such as antibiotics is required; also, debridement (surgical removal of dead or contaminated tissue) may be necessary.
Advanced Periodontitis
Progressively chronic or advanced periodontitis is when basic gingivitis (not treated) progresses to a deep and destructive infection that destroys not only gum tissue but also erodes the supporting structures (bone) that anchor the teeth. This results in deep pockets of infection and major bone loss which is not able to regenerate; thus, teeth shift and become loose without bone anchoring. It is prevalent in adults, but can occur at any age. Surgical intervention may be needed to remove teeth.
