The scalp is the area of skin that covers the entire top of the head. Scalp diseases are conditions that affect this area of skin and can be a result of fungal infections, hormonal changes or autoimmune disorders. Most scalp diseases cause changes in the appearance of the skin and itching. Although irritating, scalp diseases are often minor problems and can be treated with the use of over-the-counter topical medications and creams.
Tinea Capitis
Tinea capitis, also called ringworm of the scalp, is a contagious fungal infection of the scalp caused by fungi known as dermatophytes, which thrive in warm, moist environments. Tinea capitis most commonly occurs in children, however, it can appear at any age, according to Medline Plus. Symptoms of tinea capitis include bald areas on the scalp, itching, lesions filled with pus, small black dots or swollen lesions on the scalp. Risk factors for tinea capitis include minor scalp injuries, poor hygiene and excessive wetness of the scalp, as with prolonged sweating. Treatment for tinea capitis consists of oral anti-fungal medications. During treatment, it is important to keep the scalp clean and dry.
Seborrheic Dermatitis
Seborrheic dermatitis is a condition in which the skin of the scalp becomes flaky, scaly and greasy. In adults, seborrheic dermatitis is referred to as dandruff and in babies, the condition is referred to as cradle cap. The cause of seborrheic dermatitis is unknown, but it is believed to be a result of hormonal changes or fungal infections, according to the American Academy of Family Physicians. Treatment for seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp usually consists of over-the-counter medicated shampoos. If the shampoo is not sufficient enough to treat the condition, a doctor may prescribe an oral steroid.
Scalp Psoriasis
Scalp psoriasis is a condition in which the skin cells on the scalp grow too quickly, which results in red lesions covered with white scaly areas. The condition is a genetic disorder in which the immune system attacks healthy skin cells. Scalp psoriasis ranges in severity, with some people experiencing small patches of psoriasis and others affected with psoriasis over the entire scalp, according to the National Psoriasis Foundation. In addition to the presence of patches, other symptoms of scalp psoriasis include itching of the scalp and discomfort. Scalp psoriasis can be treated with a number of topical medications and creams. In more severe cases, ultraviolet light is used to ease symptoms.
