Peptic ulcers are open sores that develop in the digestive tract lining, causing recurrent pain and, in some cases, nausea, vomiting and appetite changes. Peptic ulcers that occur in the stomach are called gastric ulcers. They develop when the stomach lining is weakened, which may stem from numerous conditions, including bacterial infections, regular use of various medications and lifestyle factors. Since ulcers often require medical treatment, doctor's guidance at the onset of symptoms is important.
Helicobacter Pylori Infection
Helicobacter pylori, also called H. pylori, is a type of bacterium that develops in protective tissues in the stomach and small intestinal lining. In some cases, H. pylori damages tissues in the stomach lining, leading to inflammation and, potentially, ulcers. According the Mayo Clinic, H. pylori infections affect roughly one in five people under the age of 30 in the United States and remain the most common cause of bleeding stomach ulcers.
Certain Medications
Though less common than bacterial infections, certain over-the-counter and prescription medications may contribute to gastric ulcers. According to the Mayo Clinic, regular use of anti-inflammatory pain relievers, such as ibuprofen (Advil), aspirin, naproxen (Aleve) and ketoprofen, may increase a person's vulnerability to ulcers. Regular, long-term use of medications and taking pain relievers on an empty stomach may increase these risks. Additional medications that may trigger or exacerbate gastric ulcer symptoms include Alka-Seltzer, subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) and osteoporosis medications known as bisphosphonates (Fosamax). These medications reduce production of enzymes that help guard the stomach lining from harm, thus increasing likelihood of ulcers.
Lifestyle Factors
Lifestyle factors may contribute to bleeding gastric ulcers. According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, smoking increases a person's risk of developing gastric ulcers. Smoking may also adversely affect the healing process of ulcers and increase the likelihood of ulcer relapses. Drinking alcohol may also contribute to gastric ulcers. In addition, people with cirrhosis--a liver disease common among alcoholics--are at heightened risk for gastric ulcers. Caffeine--a stimulant found in coffee, tea, energy drinks and numerous dietary supplements--may trigger excessive stomach acid secretion, which can lead to gastric ulcers. Emotional stress, though no longer considered a cause of ulcers, may exacerbate or trigger symptoms in people with existing ulcers.
