When food is eaten, it enters the stomach and is broken down by acids. When there is an overrun of this acid in the stomach, it ends up backing its way up into the esophagus. This is a condition called gastroesophageal reflux disease, and it can cause a burning sensation, pain in the chest, a dry cough and trouble swallowing. Once GERD has been diagnosed, there are several ways it can be treated.
Antacids
One of the first lines of defense in treating GERD is antacids. Antacids are used for quick relief and to neutralize the over abundance of acid in the stomach. But they will not heal a damaged esophagus and they can cause diarrhea and constipation if they are overused. Examples of over-the counter antacids are Mylanta, Maalox, Tums and Rolaids.
Blockers
For longer relief of acid reflux, H-2 receptor blockers can be used. They help reduce the production of acid in the stomach. Examples of these include Zantac 75, Pepcid AC and Axid AR. These are also over-the-counter medications.
Inhibitors
Another over-the-counter medication is called "proton pump inhibitors." These help to heal damaged esophageal tissue and they also block the further production of acid. Examples of these include Prevacid 24 HR and Prilosec OTC.
Prescriptions
When over-the-counter medications aren't working, stronger drugs can be prescribed by your doctor. Examples of proton pump inhibitors and H2 blockers include prescription-strength Tagamet, Zantac, Nexium and Aciphex.
Another form of medication called "prokinetic agents" can help tighten the valve between the stomach and esophagus, which will cause acid to empty faster, reducing reflux.
Surgery
When other treatments are ineffective, there are several surgeries that can be performed. In a procedure called endocinch endoluminal gastroplication, sutures are made in the sphincter and then tied together to form a barrier where acid cannot get washed back into the esophagus.
In a procedure called the Stretta system, electrode energy is used to create scar tissue in the esophagus and make it less prone to react to acid that has refluxed.
In Nissen fundoplication, the top part of the stomach is wrapped around the outside of the bottom part of the esophagus. This tightens the esophagus and prevents reflux.
Home Treatments
There are several home remedies that can also be used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease. Maintaining a healthy weight can prevent excess pounds in the stomach, which puts a lot of pressure on the abdomen and increases acid buildup. Trigger foods such as garlic, onions, mint, alcohol and caffeine can be avoided. Elevating your bed about 6 inches at the top and not lying down right after meals can also be done to prevent acid from backing up.
