Metformin HCL is used to treat and manage type 2 diabetes. According to Drugs.com, this medication is approved by the Food and Drug Administration to decrease blood sugar, or glucose, levels. Metformin HCL works to decrease glucose production by the liver, to slow its absorption from the intestines and to increase the sensitivity of the muscles and tissues to insulin so that glucose can enter the cells of the body. As with any pharmaceutical or over-the-counter medication, side effects can occur.
Hypoglycemia
Hypoglycemia, or low levels of blood sugar, can occur in response to higher-than-recommended doses of metformin HCL, inadequate nutrition or excessive levels of exercise. Symptoms of hypoglycemia can vary between individuals; it is important to recognize signs of hypoglycemia and get treatment immediately. Symptoms include anxiety, drunk-like behavior, blurred vision, slurred speech, confusion, cold sweats, clammy skin, drowsiness, shaking, and vomiting. Hypoglycemia can lead to fainting and loss of consciousness.
Gastrointestinal Effects
Information from the website MedBroadCast.com notes that some side effects of metformin HCL cause stomach and intestinal upset and symptoms. These symptoms normally resolve on their own and do not require medical treatment. These effects include heartburn or acid reflux, gasiness, vomiting, stomach pain, metallic taste in the mouth and a loss of appetite.
Fatigue
Fatigue, lethargy and general tiredness are side effects that occur with metformin HCL, more commonly in women than men, according to Drugs.com. This symptom can involve occasional achiness that lasts for a few hours to a few days.
Vitamin B12 Deficiency
According to the MayoClinic.com, patients who take metformin HCL can have vitamin B12 deficiencies. This occurs because metformin HCL interferes with a substance in the stomach called intrinsic factor, which is necessary for the body to absorb vitamin B12 from food. This vitamin is essential for many important body functions, and vitamin B12 deficiencies can cause significant health problems over time.
Lactic Acidosis
According to the website MedSafe.gov lactic acidosis can be caused by excessively high doses of metformin HCL. Lactic acidosis occurs when the pH of the body becomes too low, or acidic, due to the accumulation of a chemical called lactate. This condition can be life-threatening and cause symptoms such as severe muscle pain and cramping, weakness, tiredness, diarrhea, vomiting and shallow breathing.
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