Hyperglycemia occurs when the body has too little insulin or when insulin is not utilized effectively. It is a major cause of complications in people with diabetes. If left untreated hyperglycemia can lead to diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar syndrome or diabetic coma. Long-term complications of untreated hyperglycemia include cardiovascular disease, nerve damage, kidney damage, diabetic retinopathy, cataracts and feet, bone, skin, teeth and gum problems.
Weight
Being overweight can lead to hyperglycemia and is a risk factor in the development of type 2 diabetes. The more fat that is in the body, the more resistant the cells become to insulin. Body Mass Index (BMI), a number calculated from a person's weight and height, provides a reliable indicator of body fatness for most people and is used to screen for weight categories that may lead to health problems such as type 2 diabetes. Typically a BMI of greater than or equal to 25 for most ethnic races indicates an increased risk.
Inactivity
Decreased activity is a risk factor for hyperglycemia and the development of type 2 diabetes. Even physical activity of less than three times a week can present an increased risk. Physical activity can help control weight, regulate glucose in the blood---utilizing it for fuel---and make cells more sensitive to insulin.
Family History
A family history of type 2 diabetes can increase the risk for developing hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes. The risk increases if a parent or sibling has type 2 diabetes.
Race
There is an increased risk for development of diabetes in certain races, although it is has been unclear why. High risk groups include African Americans, Alaska Natives, American Indian, Asian American, Pacific Islander and Hispanics.
Age
The risk for hyperglycemia and the development of type 2 diabetes increases with age, especially after the age of 45. This is thought to be related to decreased physical activity, decreased muscle mass and weight gain.
