The flu is caused by the influenza virus, of which there are several types. The types are classified by variations in two proteins, H and N. Swine flu is an H1N1 variant of the influenza virus. It is called swine flu because the virus jumps from pigs to humans. It now also has the capability of being transmitted from person to person as well, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Worse symptoms are seen in pregnant women, very young children, the elderly and in those with chronic diseases. Several drugs are available to treat swine flu.
Oseltamivir
Oseltamivir is the generic name for Tamiflu. It is an oral medication used to treat people who have had symptoms of the flu for less than 48 hours, and to help prevent getting the flu during an outbreak or exposure to somebody with the flu. It works by inhibiting a protein called neuraminidase made by the virus. This prevents the virus and its progeny from escaping the cells it has infected. The result is to stop the spread of the virus in the body. Side effects are typically gastrointestinal such as nausea and diarrhea, according to PubMed Health.
Zanamivir
Zanamivir is sold under the brand name Relenza. Like oseltamivir, it is a neuraminidase inhibitor that stops the spread of the virus in the body. The indications are also the same with recommended treatment of flu within 48 hours and prevention of the flu during an outbreak. Unlike oseltamivir, tt is administered as an inhaled powder. If there are side effects, they tend to be dizziness, joint pain and irritation of the nose.
Other Drugs
Other drugs do not treat the virus directly, but are aimed at relieving symptoms of the flu. An oral or nasal decongestant can help treat a stuffy or runny nose. Antihistamines such as diphenhydramine can treat symptoms such as itching, sneezing and congestion. Pain medications can also be used to treat muscle aches; however, aspirin should be avoided unless recommended by a health care professional, according to FluFacts.com.
