Splinting is a basic part of care for any broken bone, sprain or dislocation. A splint is used to stabilize the injury, provide some comfort and prevent any further injury. Splints can be ready made from a manufacturer or made from basic materials found around the house. A person can make a using pieces of cardboard, branches or even a pillow.
Splinting Basics
"Current Diagnosis & Treatment Emergency Medicine" recommends the practice of "splint it as it lies." This means that the injured area should be splinted in the position it is found; do not attempt to re-align the bones. When applying a splint, the splint should be large enough to support the joint above and below the area of injury when possible. For example, if the injured area is in the middle of the forearm, the splint should go from the hand up to the elbow. Secure the splint but always make sure the patient can still feel touch. If the person complains of increasing numbness and tingling in the injured area, the splint may be too tight, causing decreased blood flow to the area.
Splint vs Cast
A splint is different than a cast. Splints are faster and easier to apply. Splints are often used for simple and more stable broken bones, called fractures. A splint is noncircumferential, meaning it does not fully enclose the circumference of the extremity, which will allow room for swelling to occur during the initial phase of the injury.
Splinting Material
Splints have been made from plaster for many years and fiberglass is also a common material used for splints. Splints should be well padded with soft cotton like padding to help prevent rubbing and skin irritation. The splint is held in place with an elastic bandage. There are some ready made splints that may be used for sprains. Materials for these splints are often cotton or elastic bandage.
Complications
According to the American Academy of Family Physicians, complications from splinting can include decreased blood flow and circulation, skin breakdown and infection. Depending on the length of time a splint is on, there may be joint stiffness and muscle weakness. Physical therapy may be necessary when the fracture is healed.
Patient Instructions
Following the application of a splint, patients are usually instructed to keep the splint dry. Keeping the injured limb elevated on a pillow above the level of the heart will help to keep swelling down. Patients should not place sharp objects such as coat hangers in the splint to itch the skin. If a patient notices any numbness, tingling or coolness of the limb they should notify their physician and be re-evaluated.
References
- "Current Diagnosis & Treatment Emergency Medicine"; McGraw Hill; 2008
- "American Academy of Family Physicians": Principles of Casting
