Cancer pain management can vary depending on the degree and nature of the disease course. According to the National Cancer Institute, there are several approaches to managing pain that employ not only the use of traditional medicine, but non-traditional methods as well. These can include both noninvasive physical methods of manipulation and psychological approaches. As always, it is imperative to consult a licensed medical professional before embarking on a new treatment or attempting to self-medicate.
Individual Assessment
Cancer can have different elements and stages of pain, depending on the location and severity. Based on self-reports and a physical examination, the health care team can determine the significance of the pain and relative discomfort that needs to be addressed. The health care team will follow up with plans for addressing this pain, as well as taking the necessary steps towards its alleviation. The National Cancer Institute suggests that the evaluation of pain occur by description, duration and intensity of symptoms along with precise location, patterns, and both aggravating and relieving factors in conjunction with perception by the individual.
Medication Management
Medicating for cancer pain can vastly improve quality of life for the individual experiencing it. While some chemotherapies and radiation procedures produce pain, they similarly reduce it by shrinking tumors that may be pressing upon other organs. Tumors, as they grow, can push on other organs, increasing pain and discomfort. According to Cancer Points, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like ibuprofen and naproxen are used for mild pain, weak opioids like codeine and hydrocodone for increasing mild to moderate pain, and very strong opioids like morphine and fentanyl are used for severe pain.
Manipulation
Manipulation, mainly massage techniques, can reduce stress and tension. This occurs through the application of heat or cold, manipulation of fluid in the tissues, and the promotion of relaxation and deep breathing. Depending on the type and location of the cancer, this method may not be the right avenue to take. The Cancer Treatment Centers of America recommend alternative options to direct manipulation for sensitive groups including tai chi, qi gong and reiki therapy which all center their focus on balancing energy, movement and mindfulness needed for healing by nourishing the mind, body and human spirit.
Pain Perception and Emotions
Individuals with cancer experience and perceive pain in their own way. Each case needs to be treated from this standpoint. There are several techniques used today in complementary and alternative therapy that can counter the effects of pain. In addition to medication management, some individuals may elect to try methods of this nature. Options suggested by the Cancer Treatment Centers of America which may be available include hypnosis, guided imagery, psychoeducational classes on stress management, humor/laughter therapy, and all facets of individual, group and family counseling.
