Crohn's disease is a chronic disorder characterized by an ongoing inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, most commonly the colon and the lower portion of the small intestine, known as the ileum. The inflammation of the lining of the small intestine characteristic of Crohn's disease leads to primary symptoms such as swelling, pain, bowel injury and ulcerations. As Crohn's disease progresses, diseases such as fistulas, bowel obstruction and anemia can develop.
Fistulas
Fistulas are a common complication associated with Crohn's disease. The chronic inflammation associated with Crohn's disease leads to ulcerations in the small intestine and colon. If the ulcers deepen and penetrate the walls of the small intestine, a fistula develops, notes HealthTree. A fistula is an abnormal connection between different intestinal structures such as the intestine and the bladder or the intestine and skin surface, especially in the perianal region. When a fistula develops between different parts of the intestines, food and nutrients are not absorbed properly. The formation of a fistula in a perianal region may result in intestinal contents seeping into the bladder or feces leaking into the vagina, thereby causing urinary tract infections.
Intestinal Obstruction
Crohn's disease is characterized by the chronic inflammation of the small intestine and colon. This inflammation causes the intestinal walls to swell and thicken with scar tissue, thereby narrowing the intestine and blocking the flow of food and digestive contents through those affected regions. According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, intestinal blockage is a common complication or disease associated with Crohn's disease. Intestinal obstruction also can result in vomiting and severe cramps.
Anemia and Malnutrition
According to the Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of America, malnutrition or nutritional deficiencies are commonly associated with Crohn's disease. The swelling and thickening of scar tissue in the small intestine inhibits the ability of the microvilli to absorb proteins, calories and vitamins.
Another disease commonly associated with the chronic inflammation of the small intestine and colon is anemia. Anemia results from the loss of red blood cells and blood volume due to rectal bleeding in Crohn's disease patients. The swelling and thickening of the small intestine also inhibits the absorption of iron and folic acid, both of which are essential for the production of red blood cells.
