The International Headache Society describes four phases of a typical migraine as onset of symptoms, aura, headache and recovery. The aura phase refers to visual or auditory distortions. Migraines can consist of all or only a few of the phases. Although there are some home remedies for migraines, treatment primarily focuses on the effects of four categories of medication: anti-seizure, beta-blockers, anti-depressants and over-the-counter pain medications.
Effects of Epilepsy Medication
MayoClinic.com indicates that anti-epileptic medications may act as a preventative for migraines. All anti-seizure medications require regular daily use and can be rather costly. Topamax is the most highly studied for migraine prevention and has minimal side effects. For instance, dizziness, fatigue, weight loss and nausea are among the most prevalent repercussions; however, more serious complications, such as glaucoma, kidney stones and acidosis, are possible according to the Epilepsy Therapy Project.
Effects of Beta-blockers
The Texas Heart Institute indicates that although beta-blockers are an effective treatment for migraines, there are several possible serious side effects that mimic heart failure. For instance, a general sense of weakness, fatigue and shortness of breath are common side effects. Rare side effects include depression, impotence and constipation.
Effects of Antidepressants
Antidepressants taken for migraines have several side effects. MayoClinic.com lists nausea as a major effect of antidepressants and recommends eating smaller more frequent meals to prevent this feeling; however, this may also contribute to another common side effect of increased appetite and weight gain. Sexual dysfunction, including decreased desire and erectile dysfunction, are possible side effects that a doctor-prescribed change in dosage might prevent. Blurred vision, constipation, dry mouth, fatigue and insomnia are other possible side effects that can be controlled through small lifestyle changes.
Effects of Over-the-counter Medications
The most prevalent side effect of over-the-counter medication is a rebound migraine. Caffeine or resistance to it can lead to rebound migraines. For instance, most over-the-counter pain medications contain some form of caffeine, a common migraine trigger. Also, excessive use of pain medication can force the body to acclimate to a higher dose, which induces stronger, more frequent migraines. The cycle will worsen until the pain medication is stopped.
