Leukemia strikes the bone marrow and lymphatic system. It usually starts when the bone marrow produces a large number of abnormal white blood cells that don't function properly, the Mayo Clinic says. Many of the symptoms of leukemia relate directly to the overproduction of these white blood cells.
The good news about leukemia is that enormous strides have been made in its treatment.
Anemia
The Leukemia and Lymphoma Society explains that people with leukemia often experience serious fatigue. They may become pale and have trouble breathing. Children may seem listless. Adults may be unable to make it through their daily routine. Anemia causes this fatigue. The bone marrow is unable to produce red blood cells because it is overcrowded with immature white blood cells. In some instances, transfusions of red blood cells provide relief.
Bruising
The Mayo Clinic says that people with leukemia often bruise for no apparent reason. The bruising occurs when platelet counts are low. Bone marrow cannot produce platelets when it is crowded with white blood cells. Because platelets are involved in the clotting process, a low platelet count is associated with blood pooling under the skin. An infusion of platelets can provide a temporary solution.
Swollen Glands and Organs
Excess white cells cause problems not only in the bone marrow, but also in other parts of the body. The Leukemia and Lymphoma Society explains that swollen lymph nodes are a common side effect. The spleen and liver may seem enlarged, as well, because leukemia cells pool in these areas.
Bone Pain
Both adults and kids can get achy bones. Kids may not be able to articulate this pain clearly, so parents should take complaints about painful limbs seriously instead of writing them off as growing pains. This symptom occurs because bone marrow becomes packed with immature white blood cells.
Infections
Those with leukemia often experience an unusual number of colds, infections and minor illnesses because their immune systems do not work properly. Although these patients have lots of white blood cells, the cells are immature and do not function properly. Consequently, they are unable to fight infection as well as healthy people.
