Itching--also known as pruritis--is a skin sensation that triggers the compulsion to scratch or rub the affected area. Itching can be caused by a variety of underlying issues, some of which include allergies, dryness and skin irritation. Understanding the nature of itching with an unknown source allows you to find the best possible treatment and minimize complications.
Causes
Many different conditions can lead to itching. According to Mayo Clinic, skin dryness, also known as xerosis, is the most common cause of itching not accompanied by a rash. Some people are naturally prone to dry skin, which is then aggravated by extreme temperatures, over-washing and other factors.
Irritation caused by sensitivities to detergent, clothing fabrics or soaps can also lead to itching, as can skin and food allergies. In rare cases, a chronic health condition such as kidney and liver disease, celiac disease or certain cancers may be to blame.
Symptoms
The signs and symptoms that accompany itching with an unknown source can give clues about its origin. The presence of raised bumps, hives or a rash may indicate exposure to poison ivy or similar plants.
Itch accompanied by swelling or allergy symptoms like itchy eyes and sneezing usually stems from an allergic reaction to food or inhaled particles like pollen. Itch that occurs in the presence of fever, malaise or joint swelling may signal a more serious underlying cause.
Complications
Both itching and the underlying conditions that cause it can lead to complications if left untreated. Scratching damages the skin, leaving it open to bacterial and fungal infections. Neurodermatitis--a condition in which scratched skin thickens and takes on a dark color--can also result from prolonged scratching.
When itching is caused by a serious chronic disease such as lymphoma, failure to diagnose and treat the underlying condition can lead to increasingly ill health and death.
Prevention/Solution
Diagnosis is vital for finding an effective treatment for itching. According to Merck.com, itching that appears and disappears frequently or lasts longer than a week warrants medical testing.
For itching caused by dry skin, apply a gentle moisturizer as needed and avoid prolonged exposure to extreme temperatures and dry winds. Soaps that contain moisturizers can help replenish lost moisture due to frequent hand washing.
Itching caused by allergies can be treated by reducing your exposure to known triggers, such as certain foods and fabrics. Oral and topical antihistamines can help reduce the production of histamine, an immune substance responsible for symptoms such as itching. Avoiding prolonged sun exposure, trying new soaps and detergents, and choosing less irritating fabrics may be helpful for itching caused by sensitive skin.
Warning
If you experience itching accompanied by throat swelling, joint pain, vision changes or other troubling symptoms, seek medical help immediately. These may be signs of a serious health condition.
