The human back is made up of bones called vertebrae, and softer, cushion-like pads called disks. Disks are filled with fluid and protect the vertebrae. Disks are flexible and allow for easy bending, stretching and other movement. Disks can become dislodged from the their position in spinal column and poke out to the side. This is called a herniated, or slipped, disk. When a disk becomes herniated, it can press on nerves that run to the arms and legs and cause a variety of physical symptoms that are uncomfortable.
Pain
Pain is a main symptom of a herniated disk. The location of the pain varies according to the location of the disk that is herniated. Disks in the back and neck can slip, causing pain in the lower back or neck. Pain can include sciatica, which occurs when the disk presses on the nerve that runs down the back of the leg, or it can be more like an ache in a localized area of the back. Some people experience a burning, painful sensation; others feel throbbing or stabbing pain. Pain can be constant or intermittent.
Tingling or Numbness
A herniation that interferes with the nerves can produce a tingling sensation or even numbness in the arm or leg. Usually, herniated disks in the neck produce symptoms in the arm, while slipped disks in the back cause altered sensation in the leg. Most of the time, the tingling or numbness exists in only one side of the body. Feeling numbness in both arms or both legs can indicate a serious medical problem and requires immediate medical attention.
Weakness
In addition to pain and a pins-and-needles sensation, a person who has a herniated disk may experience feelings of weakness. Like numbness, the weakness is generally limited to only one extremity that corresponds to the specific area in which the disk is damaged.
Impaired Bladder or Bowel Function
Severe cases of herniated disks can lead to loss of bladder or bowel control. This symptom tends to accompany a weakness in both legs and can be the sign of serious problems with the disks in the back. Impaired function of either the bladder or bowel must be attended to immediately by a medical professional.
