A blocked nose, or nasal obstruction, is one of the oldest and most common complaints. It can cause serious discomfort for some, according to the American Academy of Otolaryngology. A blocked nose can result from infection, inflammation and structural abnormalities. Commonly, the cause is a combination of these factors.
Nasal Polyps
Nasal polyps are groups of grape-like, fleshy growths in the sinus cavities that can block breathing and sinus drainage. Nasal polyps form in response to inflammation, according to Merck Manuals Online Medical Library. Symptoms of obstruction develop, and risk of sinus infection is elevated due to trapped mucus. Nasal congestion, chronic sinus infections, postnasal drip, cough, sneezing, reduced sense of smell, an excessively runny nose, itchy eyes and facial pain are common symptoms. Prescription nasal sprays or pills containing corticosteroids can shrink polyps, but surgery may be needed to remove them. Polyps tend to recur, and treating the underlying cause is necessary to prevent regrowth.
Deviated Septum
The septum is the bony wall covered with mucous membrane that divides the two halves of the nose between the nostrils. While many people have a septum that is off-center, a deviated septum is severely shifted to one side, the American Academy of Otolaryngology says. A deviated septum results from injury or the natural growth of the nose. The severely shifted septum causes narrowing of one side of the nose, and results in difficulty breathing, congestion, nosebleeds, sinus infections and postnasal drip. A surgical procedure called a septoplasty corrects the deviation, and is performed through the nostrils.
Sinusitis
Sinuses are the hollow spaces in the skull that connect with the nose and the back of the throat. Sinusitis is an inflammation of the sinuses triggered by allergy or infection, the Cleveland Clinic explains. The inflammation blocks mucus drainage and creates ideal conditions for infection. Sufferers complain of nasal congestion, headaches, a cough that worsens at night and postnasal drip. Blowing the nose produces thick, yellowish mucus. Fever, nausea, tiredness and bad breath may also occur. Chronic sinusitis is defined as sinusitis lasting more than eight weeks, and it can persist for months. Symptoms may be less pronounced, and include a cough that worsens at night or in the morning, nasal congestion and postnasal drip.
