While the requirements to become a foster parent may differ from state to state, each state shares similar minimum requirements. There are several general requirements foster homes nationwide must meet. Prospective foster parents must not only qualify to be a caregiver to a foster child, but also must show a willingness to work with the placement agency. In addition to attending training and health education programs, there are a number of other steps an applicant must complete before becoming a foster parent.
Personal Qualifications
In most states, a foster parent must be at least 21 years of age, and in good physical and mental health. Applicants must usually be residents of the state in which they apply for certification or a license for a minimum of 12 months. The marital status of a foster parent may be considered if it affects the person's ability to provide adequate care to foster children. Generally, agencies require foster parents to report any changes in marital status. Although in some cases, a foster parent may be single or divorced, the agency must consider the best interests of the foster child. Applicants who wish to become foster parents also must provide references who can attest to their moral character and quality of relationships with children.
Background Check
Prospective foster parents and other individuals living in the household who are over age 18 must submit to a criminal background check in which a set of fingerprints may be obtained. The criminal history record check includes searching the databases of that state's criminal justice division, and in most states, the Federal Bureau of Investigation. According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, federal law requires that the criminal background check include a check in every state in which each adult member in the household lived during the previous five years. Other areas covered under the background investigation may include a local criminal record check, child abuse and neglect record check, and a check of state sex offender registries.
Home Study
Although the specific home study requirements can vary significantly from one foster care agency to another, an applicant interested in becoming a foster parent must comply with that state's Department of Human Services rules and regulations. The Child Welfare Information Gateway reports that the laws in every state require that foster care applicants participate in a home study.
A social worker from the agency will visit your home and conduct a walk-through to determine if the home meets state licensing standards or whether any changes are needed. Some state laws require that the local health and fire departments also inspect the home. You will need to show the social worker where the children will sleep, as well as the backyard where they will play. The purpose of the home study is to assure the safety and well-being of any foster child placed in your care. Your home must meet both local and state requirements for safety and size. A home must be large enough to provide each foster child with his own bed. Homes in which foster children reside also must be equipped with smoke alarms, fire extinguishers, and telephone service. Transportation must be available as well.
You also will be interviewed by the social worker several times throughout the home study process. The social worker may conduct interviews with you and your spouse jointly, or both separately and jointly. You may be questioned about how you handle stress, your experience with raising children, your parental approach to discipline, and the extent of your knowledge relating to child abuse and neglect issues. In addition, you will be asked to provide verification of your family's income to show that you can manage household finances responsibly.
References
- Child Welfare Information Gateway: Criminal Background Checks for Prospective Foster and Adoptive Parents: Summary of State Laws
- Child Welfare Information Gateway: The Adoption Home Study Process
- Adoption Media: Foster Parenting
- New York State Office of Children and Family Services: Requirements to Become a Foster Parent
