Osteoporosis refers to the loss of bone mass and the structural breakdown of bone that leads to an increased risk of fracture. Traditionally thought of as striking primarily women, osteoporosis is now recognized as a threat to elderly men and those men with certain risk factors. In fact, according to 2003 information from the American Academy of Family Physicians, 30 percent of hip fractures occur in men, and 1 out of 8 men older than 50 years will experience a broken bone due to osteoporosis. Fortunately, treatment for this debilitating process exists.
Calcium and Vitamin D
Bone requires many nutrients to stay healthy and strong, the most important of which are calcium and Vitamin D. Calcium is typically consumed in the diet, but when not enough calcium is taken in, the body removes it from the bones. Therefore, many of those with osteoporosis benefit from taking a calcium supplement. The National Institute of Health recommends between 1200 to 1500 mg of calcium daily for those with osteoporosis. Vitamin D plays a role in calcium absorption and is either consumed or produced by the body when exposed to sun. Because vitamin D deficiency is very common in those with osteoporosis, the NIH also recommends 400 to 800 IU of vitamin D daily. In some osteoporotic patients, vitamin D levels may be severely depressed and even higher doses of vitamin D may be recommended.
Bisphosphonates
Bisphosphonates are a group of medications that slow the breakdown of bone, leading to stronger bones. Examples of bisphosphonates taken by mouth are alendronate (Fosamax), risendronate (Actonel) and ibandronate (Boniva). Injectable forms of medication include zoledronic acid (Reclast) and ibandronate.
Teriparatide
Teriparatide (Forteo) is an injectable form of parathyroid hormone, which works to build up bone. It has been approved to treat osteoporosis in men with a high risk for fracture. It is contraindicated in men with hyperparathyroidism, Paget's disease of the bone, bone cancer, kidney stones, severe kidney disease and for usage longer than two years.
Lifestyle Changes
In men with severe osteoporosis, it is imperative to prevent future fractures by avoiding the risk of falls. This may entail addressing different medications and the home environment. Also, physical therapy may be helpful to increase strength, mobility and coordination. In elderly, frail men, hip protectors may also be beneficial. Finally, tobacco and excessive alcohol should be avoided.
References
- Dietary Supplement Fact Sheet: Calcium
- "American Family Physician"; Osteoporosis in Men; April 1, 2003
- "American Family Physician"; Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteoporosis; February 1, 2009
