Because sinus issues are common symptoms of allergic reactions, it can be difficult to determine whether allergies or an infection is to blame for symptoms. Allergies affect more than 50 million people in the United States, according to the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, or AAAAI. Common allergy symptoms are sinus issues, itchy eyes and an irritated throat. Sinus conditions are the result of the common cold, nasal deformities and extreme temperature changes, all of which are unrelated to allergies. Other sinus conditions include chronic sinusitis and nasal polyps that cause congestion, nasal discharge and sinus pressure and pain. A doctor can help you to determine whether sinus issues are the result of allergies or an infection and prescribe the proper treatment.
Causes
Allergies are caused by an individual's immune system. When the immune system doesn't recognize a substance, it will attempt to fight it off by producing various chemicals that lead to allergic reaction symptoms, according to Medline Plus. Common triggers for sinus allergies include dust mites, pollen, pet dander and mold.
A sinus infection, on the other hand, is caused by mucus that becomes trapped in inflamed sinuses, which leads to the growth of bacteria or a virus, according to FamilyDoctor.org.
Identification
Allergies and sinus infections have distinct symptoms. Allergies come on quickly and produce thin, clear secretions from the nose. Once the allergen is removed, the symptoms subside, according to Medline Plus. A sinus infection will come on slowly and progressively get worse with time. The mucus produced with a sinus infection is thick and dark yellowish in color, according to FamilyDoctor.org.
Treatment
Allergies and sinus infections are treated with similar drugs. Antihistamines are used to treat the body's allergic reaction to the substance by restricting the production of histamine in the body while drying up excessive mucus, according to the MayoClinc.com. Decongestants are used to reduce inflammation in the sinuses to promote proper drainage. In some cases a doctor may recommend an antibiotic to kill a sinus infection, according to FamilyDoctor.org.
Complications
Allergies that affect the sinuses can lead to a sinus infection, according to Medline Plus. A sinus infection that is not properly treated can cause complications, such as meningitis, an eye infection or an ear infection.
Prevention
According to Medline Plus the most effective way to prevent allergies and sinus reactions is to avoid allergens and irritants. Once a person knows the substances that she is allergic to, she should avoid interacting with them. For example, if someone is allergic to pollen, he should remain indoors during pollen season. Preventing a sinus infection can be accomplished by taking an antihistamine and decongestant at the first sign of sinus congestion, according to FamilyDocotor.org.
