Treatments for insect bites depend on whether an allergy has developed. A sting by a venomous bee, hornet, wasp, fire ant or yellow jacket may create a mild reaction the first time and allergic reactions afterward. Patients don't have to live in dread of severe allergy symptoms, however. Just as individuals can become sensitized to insect venom, they can also be desensitized. Meanwhile, allergy patients should protect their health by preparing for insect encounters.
Emergency Injection
People who suffer allergic reactions to bee stings and other insect bites should carry emergency epinephrine shots at all times, according to the Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America. Anaphylaxis, the most severe set of allergy symptoms, can occur from exposure to insect venom. Epinephrine, an injectable form of the hormone adrenaline, halts the progression of anaphylaxis and reverses its cardiovascular and breathing problems to some degree. Because patients cannot know whether this injection will stabilize their conditions, they should also get emergency medical help.
Topical First Aid
If an insect bite disables a patient, medical personnel may attend to the sting site. According to the Cleveland Clinic, an assistant must remove first the venom sac and then the stinger to avoid spreading more toxins. A soap-and-water wash and antiseptic application should follow. To soothe and protect the wound, patients can put on calamine lotion or hydrocortisone cream and cover the area with a dry bandage. A cold compress such as a chilled reusable gel pack will reduce pain and inflammation.
Medications
Over-the-counter medications won't resolve anaphylaxis but will address the pain, itching and swelling brought on by allergic reactions to insects. Starting a combination regimen of antihistamines and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs right away will minimize localized allergy symptoms. The Cleveland Clinic suggests diphenhydramine or another nonprescription antihistamine for relief of itching. Aspirin, ibuprofen or naproxen will control the heat, pain and swelling at the sting site.
Allergy Shots
Patients who know they have a sensitivity to insect bites can reduce their risks for anaphylactic symptoms that may lead to a loss of consciousness and death. Because anaphylaxis can immobilize patients, administering epinephrine injections may not be possible. Preventive treatments offer more effective protection from allergic reactions to insect venom, according to the Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America. Immunotherapy, or multiple vaccinations that desensitize patients to allergens, effectively reduces allergy risk in 97 percent of patients who try it.
