Spina bifida occulta is the mildest and most common form of spina bifida, part of a group of neural tube defects. A neural tube is a structure in a human embryo that develops into the spinal cord, brain and tissues that enclose it. In spina bifida, a part of the neural tube either does not develop or does not close properly. This causes birth defects in the spinal cord and backbone, and results in complications.
Paralysis
The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke indicates that paralysis is a complication of spina bifida occulta. The paralysis may be partial or complete, and the child may also not be able to have normal control over bowel and bladder movements. Crutches, braces or wheelchairs may be needed for such children. This complication will usually depend on the size of the opening in the spine and the kind of care that was provided to the baby after birth.
Hydrocephalus
Hydrocephalus is another complication of spina bifida occulta, notes MayoClinic.com. Bone malformation can block cerebrospinal fluid, a clear liquid surrounding the brain and the spinal cord, and cause it to build up in the brain. The condition is called hydrocephalus, and it can put pressure on the brain and damage it.
Chiari II Malformation
The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke states that Chiari II malformation is a complication of spina bifida. This is a rare condition in which the brainstem and the cerebellum protrude downward into spinal cord or the neck area of the child. This causes difficulties in feeding and swallowing. The baby may find it difficult to breathe, and may also choke. There may also be arm stiffness.
Other Complications
MayoClinic.com reports that children with spina bifida occulta may also develop meningitis, an infection of the brain which can sometimes be fatal. As they grow older, children may also develop learning disabilities. They may find it difficult to concentrate, and have problems with language and reading. These children are also prone to allergic reactions to latex and skin problems. Urinary tract infections, gastrointestinal disorders and depression are a few other complications of this condition.
