Perthes disease is a condition in which the bone in the ball of the hip joint dies due to a lack of blood supply. Over time, the blood vessels repair themselves and bone regrows. Perthes is mainly seen in children. People with Perthes disease may have mobility issues as a result of the disease, and are often shorter than average.
Alternate Names
Perthes disease goes by a variety of names. The condition is not really a disease, according to the Perthes Association, but is also sometimes called Legg-Calve-Perthes or Calve-Perthes disease. The condition is also known as avascular necrosis.
Statistics
The National Osteonecrosis Foundation (NONF) estimates that one out of every 1,200 children will develop Perthes disease. Seventy-five percent of people who have the condition are male, and 95 percent of the population who have this form of necrosis is only affected in one hip.
Symptoms
Limping is often the first symptom of Perthes disease. Most people experience referred pain in their knees, hips or groin. Symptoms may be felt in all areas, or just one at a time. Joint stiffness of the hip may also be a symptom.
Stages
Perthes disease has four distinct stages. Stage 1 sees the head of the femur becomes dense. Stage 2 refers to breakage (called fragmentation) of the bone, which then is reabsorbed into the body. Stage 3 is reossification, or new bone growth. Stage 4 is healing.
Diagnosis
The average age of diagnosis for Perthes disease is 6 years old, according to the NONF. X-rays and MRI tests can diagnose the condition.
Treatment
Treatment for Perthes disease can include bracing or casting the affected limb, using crutches to keep weight off the hip, and surgery to correct the abnormal positioning of bones.
