High cholesterol is a primary risk factor for heart disease, along with high blood pressure, obesity, cigarette smoking and diabetes. The American Heart Association estimates that more than 98 million Americans have high cholesterol that can be effectively managed by diet, exercise and prescription medications. Diabetics are particularly prone to heart disease, especially in conjunction with other risk factors like high cholesterol.
High Cholesterol Levels
High cholesterol is defined as having total cholesterol over 200 mg/dl. Cholesterol levels between 200 and 239 mg/dl are borderline high risk; levels over 240 are high risk. More important than the total cholesterol number is the breakdown of LDL, HDL and triglycerides. Diabetics are at higher risk for heart disease and should strive to keep their total cholesterol well below 200 mg by reducing the amount of cholesterol and saturated fat in their diet.
Low Density Lipoproteins
Low density lipoprotein (LDL) is called the "bad" type of cholesterol because it contributes to the accumulation of cholesterol inside the coronary arteries and can lead to angina or a heart attack. Diabetics should strive to keep their LDL lower than 100 mg/dl. Quitting cigarette smoking and reducing cholesterol and saturated fat in the diet is the best way for diabetics to manage their LDL cholesterol.
High Density Lipoproteins
High density lipoprotein (HDL) is called the "good" type of cholesterol because it helps transport LDL cholesterol out of the body before it has a chance to accumulate inside the arterial walls. Diabetics should maintain HDL levels over 45 mg for men and 55 mg for women. The best ways to elevate HDL levels is by eating foods high in omega-3 fatty acids---found in certain types of cold water fish like salmon, trout, tuna and mackerel---and by exercising regularly.
