Anal fissures occur when the lining of the anus or rectum tears. Causes of anal fissures in adults include constipation, passing hard stools or diarrhea. According to MedlinePlus, older adults may suffer from the condition due to decreased blood in the anal area. Symptoms include pain, bleeding and constipation. MayoClinic.com notes that nearly 90 percent of anal fissures heal without requiring surgery. A variety of home treatments and remedies may encourage healing and relieve symptoms associated with the condition.
Soften Stool
Foods with additional bulk should be added to the diets of those with anal fissures. Foods with additional bulk absorb water when in the intestines. High-fiber foods add bulk, which prevents constipation and helps the body digest food. Bowel movements will be softer and more frequent and allow the anal fissure to heal. Becoming constipated and straining while an anal fissure is present will cause additional tearing, advises the University of California at San Francisco Medical Center. According to MayClinic.com, the recommended amount of fiber is 25 to 30 grams per day. If a person has difficulty reaching the recommended daily amounts of fiber, supplements may be taken. The daily intake of fiber should be increased slowly to avoid excess bloating and gas.
Cleansing and Comfort
Sitz baths help relieve discomfort related to the anal fissure. Sitz baths are small basins filled with warm water and placed in the toilet. When a person sits down, the water overflows into the toilet. Warm baths may also alleviate discomfort if a sitz bath is unavailable. MayoClinic.com suggests sufferers soak in a sitz bath for 10 to 20 minutes after having a bowel movement. The clinic suggests avoiding soap and perfumed bath products in order to decrease irritation. A clean anal area is recommended to avoid further irritation and inflammation. Soft washcloths and moist towelettes should be used to clean the anal area.
Anal Fissure Creams
When having a bowel movement, petroleum jelly placed around the rectal area may ease pain. Additional over-the-counter products may be used at home which numb the rectal area. Products containing hydrocortisone aid in itch and pain relief. Lidocaine also aids in numbing the anal area and is commonly found over-the-counter in cream or lotion form. Some ointments and creams come with a small applicator. The anal area should initially be cleansed prior to applying medications.
