Multiple sclerosis, or MS, can occur at all ages of the pediatric population, and MS diagnosed in childhood may represent almost 10 percent of all MS cases, explains the Cleveland Clinic. Pediatric MS is usually diagnosed in symptom onset before the age of 16. The symptoms of pediatric MS appear similar to those seen in adults, though there are some specific differences, notes the Cleveland Clinic. For example, younger patients are more likely to have seizures, brain stem and cerebellar symptoms than adults. The Cleveland Clinic notes that pediatric MS may lead to significant disability at a younger age than adult MS and has variable symptoms which can make diagnosis difficult.
Sensory System Symptoms
Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disorder that damages the myelin that protects nerve cells of the brain and spinal cord and, as a result, messages from brain to body can be impeded or blocked, notes Medline Plus. When MS results in lesions, or damage, to the sensory parts of the brain or spinal cord, changes in sensation can result. The Cleveland Clinic reports that these symptoms include numbness, tingling, "pins and needles," visual disturbances and pain.
Motor System Symptoms
When MS lesions occur to the motor parts of the brain and spinal cord, other symptoms are notable. The motor system is responsible for muscle function, and if the messages from the brain to the muscles are impeded or blocked, problems with coordination occur, explains the Cleveland Clinic. Motor system symptoms also include muscle weakness, difficulty walking, tremors, bladder and bowel problems and muscle stiffness. Spasticity, a condition where muscles are continuously contracted, can also occur, notes the National Pediatric MS Center.
Other Symptoms
The Cleveland Clinic reports various other symptoms that can be present with pediatric MS, including heat sensitivity, fatigue, also called MS lassitude, emotional changes, cognitive change and sexual dysfunction. Cognitive changes can include problems with memory, attention and problem solving, according to the National Pediatric MS Center. Emotional changes are commonly depression, notes the National Pediatric MS Center. Other, less common symptoms include headache, hearing loss, itching, seizures and speech and swallowing problems.
Considerations
When it comes to MS, each patient has his own set of symptoms, problems and disease progression, notes the Cleveland Clinic. It is possible for MS to be present and for the symptoms to be so mild that the person never knew he had it. The spectrum ranges from mild to severe, and it is important to keep in mind that no two patients are alike.
